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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a retrovirus that infects cells of the human immune system, destroying or impairing their function. In the early stages of infection, the person has no symptoms. However, as the infection progresses, the immune system becomes weaker, and the person becomes more susceptible to so-called opportunistic infections. The most advanced stage of HIV infection is acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). It can take 10-15 years for an HIV-infected person to develop AIDS; antiretroviral drugs can slow down the process even further. HIV is transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse (anal or vaginal), transfusion of contaminated blood, sharing of contaminated needles, and between a mother and her infant during pregnancy, childbirth and breastfeeding.
http://www.who.int/topics/hiv_infections/en/
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HEPATITIS
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Hepatitis is a general term meaning inflammation of the liver and can be caused by several mechanisms, including infectious agents. Viral hepatitis can be caused by a variety of different viruses such as hepatitis A, B, C, D and E.
Hepatitis B Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. This can be caused by alcohol and some drugs, but usually it is the result of a viral infection. There are many types of virus which can cause hepatitis. Each of these viruses acts differently.
How it's spread The hepatitis B virus (HBV) is very common worldwide. It is very infectious.
The virus can be spread in the following ways:
- by unprotected (without a condom) penetrative sex (when the penis enters the anus, vagina or mouth) with someone who is infected. Also by sex which draws blood with someone who is infected
- by sharing contaminated needles or other drug-injecting equipment
- by using non-sterilised equipment for tattooing, acupuncture or body piercing
- from an infected mother to her baby, mainly during delivery. Immunisation of the baby at birth prevents the transmission of hepatitis B
- through a blood transfusion in a country where blood is not tested for the hepatitis B virus.
- All blood for transfusion in the UK is tested.
http://www.avert.org/hepatitis.htm
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